What Are The Signs Paranoid Schizophrenia
The signs and causes of paranoid schizophrenia are still largely mysterious. Often the first signs of this disorder mimic other illnesses like depression, bipolar, intermittent explosive anger disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Like other mental disorders, schizophrenics are usually socially withdrawn, angry, depressed, aloof, eccentric and unfocused. However, it’s the presence of positive symptoms, like hallucinations and/or mental delusions that have come to really define paranoid schizophrenia. While the exact causes are as yet undetermined, there are many theories being examined and tested.
While genetics undoubtedly play a part in the signs and causes of paranoid schizophrenia, researchers believe that there are a myriad of factors to explain why some family members may have a paranoid personality, while others do not. This year, an international team of scientists from the Queensland Institute of Medical Research and the University of Edinburgh found that 4% of bipolar patients and 2% of schizophrenics showed a break in their DNA — the ABCA-13 gene, specifically. This gene, located in the hippocampus memory center and cortex of the brain, could be part of the puzzle when it comes to unraveling a disorder that may be caused by hundreds of thousands of genes.
Chemical imbalances in neurotransmitters, proteins and amino acids all play a role too, but it’s unknown what causes the brain to turn on itself. The causes and signs of paranoid schizophrenia have been traced back to dopamine and glutamate. Researchers believe that dopamine floods the mesolimbic pathway of the brain, causing psychotic symptoms, although it’s not known what triggers the release. Scientists have also proposed that what causes schizophrenia is an activation of D2 receptors. Many of the new antipsychotic medications affect both the dopamine and the seratonin functioning in the brain. The brains of schizophrenics often show reduced function of the NMDA glutamate receptor.
Physical signs and causes of paranoid schizophrenia may include enlarged, fluid-filled ventricles in the middle of the brain, decreased grey matter and decreased metabolic activity in certain areas. The problem is that these structural differences are only found in some patients, not all. Researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) posit that paranoid schizophrenia may be a developmental disorder. Complications during fetal development may not surface until later when neurons that would normally connect run into faulty pathways.
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